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FAQs | Mahathma Eye Hospital Private Limited - Trichy

Frequently Asked Questions

Cataract

  • What is cataract?
    There is a normal crystal clear, transparent lens located inside the eye. This crystalline lens gradually starts losing its transparency and become opaque of various grade.
  • Are cataracts found only in older people ?
    Most cataracts develop slowly over time and affect people over age of 45 . in rare cases ,infants can have congenital cataracts due to infection in mother during pregnancy.
  • What is the reason for cataract progression /development?
    Mainly due to aging ,other factors contribute for cataract progression are any kind of vitamin deficiency or malnutrition, prolonged exposure to sunlight(UV rays ) can initiate a cataract formation and also cause progression of cataract from one stage to another .
  • What are the symptoms of cataract ?
    – Gradual decrease in vision – Cloudy,fuzzy,foggy or filmy vision – Haloes,for example seeing shadows around a bright object like vehicle head lights – Experiencing glare especially in night driving – No clarity in vision even with new prescribed glasses – Sometimes experiences double vision
  • How does cataract develop, after any eye injury?
    In case of penetrating injury, a sharp object pierces the cornea i.e. the black button of the eye, there is also simultaneous injury to the capsule of lens. This capsule is the protective covering of the normal lens. Once it is injured by a sharp object, the lens material also gets injured. It becomes immediately opaque called Traumatic Cataract.
  • My doctor says I have a cataract, but he wants to wait a while before removing it. Why?
    – Mild cataracts often cause little or no vision problems. Your doctor is probably monitoring your cataract to see if it worsens and more significantly affects your vision or lifestyle before recommending surgery. – Some cataracts never reach the stage where they need to be removed. But if your cataract worsens and you begin to have trouble seeing clearly for driving and other everyday tasks, it’s probably time to consider cataract surgery.
  • When cataract surgery is advised ?
    When patient starts to experience cloudy ,foggy ,double vision and glasses no longer provides clear vision ,which lead to difficulty in performing daily activities when the cataract becomes matured ,it’s advisable to undergo cataract surgery .
  • How much does cataract surgery cost?
    The cost of cataract surgery varies from one doctor to the next; it also depends on the type of procedure and intraocular lens you and your cataract surgery decide is best for your needs.Most of the cataract surgery is covered by insurance.
  • What are the types of IOL options available ?
    – High definition lens for high clarity eye sight after cataract surgery – Toric lens for patients with cylindrical power – Multi focal lens for patients with vision at all distances, no need for presbyopic glasses – Toric with multi focal for patients with both the above said benefits. – Ultra –premium cataract procedures are also available
  • Is there any option so that I can avoid wearing glasses after cataract surgery? Will cataract surgery correct my glasses power ?
    Cataract surgery is different from lasik ( surgery done to correct power of eyes ) .during cataract surgery ,your ophthalmologist remove the cataract lens and replace it with artificial IOL Where else in lasik the black part of the eyes ( cornea) is corrected to achieve clear vision without glasses. – Presbyopia is a condition most people over the age of 40 experience that results in difficulty seeing up close without the aid of bifocals, trifocals, or reading glasses. – This age-related condition is believed to be caused by a hardening of the lens inside the eye, making it difficult ...
  • Are you awake during cataract surgery?
    Yes, typically you are awake during cataract surgery. This eliminates risks associated with general anaesthesia (being “put to sleep”) and enables your cataract surgeon to communicate with you during your procedure.
  • Does cataract surgery causes dry eyes?
    Cataract surgery does not typically cause dry eyes. Only two very small incisions are made in the cornea during the procedure. These incisions heal quickly after surgery and do not significantly affect how many tears your eyes produce. Though cataract surgery does not cause dry eyes, a pre-existing dry eye condition can sometimes affect the quality of a cataract surgery outcome. For this reason, during your eye exam and consultation prior to cataract surgery, your eye doctor or surgeon will evaluate the tear film on your eyes. If it appears you have dry eyes, treatment is given to restore your ...
  • If you see large spots and floaters, treatment may be possible?
    Vitreous floaters are common. Most floaters are relatively small and are only a minor annoyance under certain lighting conditions. If you are bothered by large vitreous floaters after cataract surgery, ask your eye doctor or cataract surgeon to refer you to an ophthalmologist who specializes in the treatment of floaters.
  • Why does (PCO) occur, even after IOL implantation?
    PCO occurs due to the continuous viability of the lens epithelial cells that remain after the removal of cataract. The proliferation of the epithelial cells causes posterior capsular opacity (PCO) this is the most common late complication in the cataract surgery. Fortunately it is amenable to treatment by means of simple painless laser procedure (Yag laser capsulotomy)
  • Why does redness occur, after a surgery?
    Redness occurs after eye surgery due to the inflammation which can be reduced on applying the drops regularly.
  • Can I have cataract surgery if I have glaucoma?
    Yes, it’s possible to have cataract surgery if you have glaucoma. In fact, in some cases, cataract surgery can lower high eye pressure, reduce the number of medications you need to manage your glaucoma, or possibly eliminate your need for glaucoma medication altogether. Also, it may be possible for your cataract surgeon to perform a minimally invasive type of glaucoma surgery at the same time your cataract procedure is performed to address both conditions at once.
  • Can cataract surgery correct lazy eye?
    No. Lazy eye is due to lack of visual perception by the brain. If cataract occurs in a lazy eye, the defective vision that is attributed to the cataract can be corrected fully. But the full potential vision cannot be improved.
  • How is the cataract going to be treated in children ?
    Some childhood cataracts may only be partial and thus not interfere with vision. These small cataracts usually do not require treatment but should be observed regularly to look for progression. Moderate cataracts may require treatment with glasses or treatment of amblyopia (lazy eye). Larger cataracts which impair vision are treated with surgery. The surgery in children is done under general anesthesia and require an incision in the eye. Depending on the age of the child your doctor will take the decision of whether to implant a lens in the eye or not.
  • Can cataracts cause blindness?
    YES. Cataract is an important cause of preventable blindness in India.
  • Will cataract surgery improve my night vision?
    One of the first symptom of cataract is Loss of Contrast Sensitivity which is more in dim light. It also causes glare and haloes around the light. Cataract surgery will always improve your night vision for driving, walking and other activities in dim light.
  • What is a secondary cataract?
    Cataracts occurring due to the posterior lens capsule becomes cloudy several Mo cataract. This can be treated by yag capsulotomy nths or even years after surgery. The medical term for this is posterior capsular opacification (PCO) or secondary.
  • Blurred vision was there before cataract surgery, even now the same problem is there after surgery?
    Some postoperative myopia (near sightedness) exists in few patients after cataract surgery Sometimes it takes a couple of months for the final “refraction” to settle. Depending on the postoperative myopia, glasses, contact lenses, refractive surgery (e.g., LASIK) or an IOL exchange will be advised
  • Can cataract surgery be redone?
    Cataract surgery cannot be reversed, since the cloudy natural lens of the eye is removed during a cataract procedure and cannot be put back in. But if there is a problem with the intraocular lens (IOL) used during your procedure or some other type of cataract surgery complication develops, certain aspects of the surgery can be adjusted or redone. This includes repositioning the IOL or removing it and replacing it with a different lens.
  • Can I take aspirin, Plavix, Warfarin before and after my surgery?
    Modern cataract surgery rarely causes any bleeding as it is a bloodless surgery Topical anaesthesia removes the risk of bleeding behind the eye from local anaesthetic injections. Continue your medications unless you are specifically instructed to stop.
  • What type of food to be taken after cataract surgery?
    Any type of food can be taken after cataract surgery. You can take vegetables, fruits, spinach, tender coconut, butter milk. Foods rich in vitamin A Carrot, papaya, egg, sea fish, milk, mango ,sprouted grains are good for eyes Diabetic and hypertensive patients should take food as advised by the physician
  • Can we travel after cataract surgery?
    Yes. You can travel in car, bus, auto, flight on the day of surgery
  • Can we watch TV and read newspaper after cataract surgery?
    You can watch television and read newspaper after cataract surgery.
  • How frequently we have to come for check-up?
    The first post -operative check-up will be on the 6th day after surgery and the next visit will be after 1 month. In case of emergencies, you can come to the hospital immediately.
  • Why does cataract occur?
    – Commonly due to old age-(Senile cataract). – Misuse of steroid tablet or steroid eye drops (steroid induced cataract) – Due to injury with blunt or sharp objects (traumatic cataract) – Infection to the mother at the time of pregnancy leading on to cataract to the new born (congenital cataract) – Eye infections caused by bacteria causing tuberculosis, leprosy etc., and other eye infections causing uveitis leads on to a cataract called complicated cataract. – Other conditions like night blindness, detachment of the retina also can cause complicated cataract.
  • Why does cataract occurs in younger age?
    It could be a pre-senile cataract like premature greying of hair .It could be because of borderline nutritional deficiency in younger individuals.
  • Can cataract be treated by applying eye drops or by wearing glasses ?
    No ,cataract can be treated only by surgery(replacing the natural lens by IOL ).
  • Why do cataract patients experience photophobia / flashes / glare?
    There is hydration of lens fibres in cataract and formation of vacuoles through which when light passes there is diffraction causing photophobia or glare.
  • How cataract is diagnosed ?
    Cataract is diagnosed by dilated comprehensive routine eye check .
  • How cataract development relates with diabetes ?
    – The normal lens has got lens fibres. These fibres have a tendency to opacify under situations of low blood sugar levels (hypo glycemia ) or high blood sugar levels (hyper glycemia). – In diabetic patients there is a rapid progression of cataract from immature to mature stage. – Sometimes there is fluctuation in vision whenever there is fluctuation in the blood sugar levels which causes transient cataract.
  • How is a cataract removed ?
    A small incision is made in the front surface of the eye with a scalpel or a laser. A circular hole is then cut in the front of the thin membrane (anterior capsule) that encloses the eye’s natural lens. Typically the lens is then broken into smaller pieces with a laser or an ultrasonic device so it can be more easily removed from the eye. Once the entire lens is removed, it is replaced with a clear implant called an intraocular lens (IOL) to restore vision. In most cases, the eye heals quickly after surgery. Today, several steps in cataract ...
  • What are possible side effects of cataract surgery?
    Experience serious cataract surgery complications. In most cases, complications or side effects from the procedure can be successfully managed with medication or a follow-up procedure. To reduce your risk for problems after cataract surgery, be sure to follow the instructions your surgeon gives you and report any unusual symptoms immediately.
  • Why do we need near vision glasses after cataract surgery?
    Near vision is due to the accommodation power of natural lens. Accommodation is a mechanism by which eye changes focus distance to near vision produced by change in lens shape. After the removal of the natural lens in cataract surgery, the artificial lens placed does not accommodate, hence the patient has to be given near vision glasses.
  • Is cataract surgery is painfull?
    No, anaesthesia is given during the surgery so that you don’t experience any kind of pain.
  • We undergo Cataract surgery for both eyes, at the same time/same day/alternate day?
    There is no time limit, it can be done even on the same day, especially for special cases like patients with other medical ailments who cannot be frequently mobilized for surgery.
  • Does cataract surgery cures floaters?
    Cataract surgery restores vision that has been diminished due to clouding of the eye’s crystalline lens, which is located directly behind the pupil. Because vitreous floaters occur in the posterior part of the eye (the vitreous body is located in the large cavity in the back of the eyeball, between the lens and the retina), removing a cataract and replacing it with a clear intraocular lens (IOL) will not diminish the appearance of vitreous floaters. In fact, if you have vitreous floaters, the increased clarity of your vision after cataract surgery may make the floaters even a bit more visible.
  • Does cataracts grow back?
    No, once the cataract is removed, it’s gone. But sometimes something called an after-cataract forms. When the surgeon does cataract surgery, the cloudy lens is sitting inside a bag in your eye. The surgeon cuts open the bag, removes the cloudy lens, and inserts the plastic lens into the bag. Sometimes the bag itself can cloud over. This can be fixed with a painless laser procedure that punches holes in the bag and immediately clears up the vision.
  • Why is the objects with a blue line around after post-cataract surgery with any type of IOL implantation?
    Natural lens absorbs the blue light when entering the eye. Modern high definition lens filters blue light and gives original colour with high clarity and contrast.
  • Why there is an irritation in the eye after surgery?
    Till the wound heals completely, some patients may experience irritation which can be reduced on proper application of drops.
  • Can I have cataract surgery after LASIK?
    YES, cataract surgery can be performed after LASIK. In fact, cataract surgery can be performed after any type of laser vision correction procedure, including LASIK, PRK, Epi-LASIK and LASEK. LASIK and other types of laser vision correction alter the curvature of the front surface of the eye (cornea). Therefore it’s helpful if you can give your cataract surgeon the records of your eye exams that were performed prior to your laser procedure
  • What causes cataract in children?
    Cataracts are usually seen in older individuals. However, children too can develop cataracts. Sometimes an infant is born with cataract. This could occur because of some infection that the mother had during her pregnancy like German measles. In a small percentage of cases it could also be genetic. Most of the times, it is impossible to determine the exact cause of development of cataract. Cataracts can develop in childhood too often as a result of eye injury or disease states in the other parts of the body. It can also occur because of prolonged ingestion of steroids.
  • How is the vision going to be corrected after cataract surgery in children?
    After cataract surgery your doctor will prescribe your child glasses. Depending on whether a lens was implanted in the eyes or not your child may have a low or a high power. The decision whether to implant the lens or not is made by your child’s eye doctor depending on the age of your child. Your doctor may also prescribe contact lenses for your child. This is usually done if the power of the glasses is high and therefore contact lenses become a better option Very young children too can wear contact lenses so please do not get worried on ...
  • Can eye drops prevent or cure cataracts?
    No. Everybody who lives long enough develops cataracts, so they are considered a normal part of the aging process, similar to greying hair and aging skin. There are no known medicines to stop or reverse this change. Certain factors can speed up cataract formation, such has diabetes, steroid use, trauma, smoking, alcohol, and excessive sunlight or radiation exposure.
  • What happens if cataracts are left untreated?
    Worsening of vision occurs, if cataracts are left un-treated. Cataracts may mature and start leaking inside the anterior chamber of the eye causing pain, redness and increase in intraocular pressure.
  • When should cataract surgery be avoided?
    If the cataract is immature and the eyes have no visual potential it need not be operated. But mature cataract should definitely be operated even if the eyes do not have visual potential.
  • After cataract surgery, there is swelling at the back of the eye? What is the reason?
    This is called cystoid macular edema (CME) There are a few possible late-onset complications of cataract surgery that can affect the vision four to six months after the surgery. This condition occurs in susceptible patients even after uncomplicated cataract surgery. The central portion of the retina responsible for our sharpest vision, the macula, develops some fluid-filled (edema) cysts. Cystoid macular edema or CME, is a painless disorder which affects the central retina or macula. When this condition is present, multiple cyst-like (cystoid) areas of fluid appear in the macula and cause retinal swelling or edema.
  • What should I bring on the day of surgery?
    The pre-operative kit that you were given. All the drops advised All the medications taken by you ECG reports Laboratory reports Admission card Post -operative booklet given by the counsellor If you have, your android mobile to share post-operative procedure
  • Can the diabetes medication/insulin be taken on the day of surgery?
    No. diabetes medication or insulin should not be taken on the day of surgery. But should be kept in hand.
  • Can head bath be taken after cataract surgery?
    NO. it is not advisable to take head bath or wash your face immediately after cataract surgery. You can bath below neck from the next day of surgery. Head bath can be taken after your doctor’s advice in your first post -operative follow up. It is advised to avoid shikakai powder/ besan powder for 1 year after surgery You can use shampoo or soap Avoid having bath in ponds/rivers and swimming pools for one year
  • How long does the lens remain good inside the eye or should it be changed?
    Once the artificial lens is implanted inside the eye, it remains life -long. It need not be changed.
  • How many days should I take bed rest after cataract surgery?
    Bed rest is not necessary after cataract surgery. You can resume your work the next day after surgery.
Frequently Asked Questions

Contact Lens (CL)

  • What is contact lens(CL)?
    A contact lens is a thin, curved lens placed on the film of tears that covers the surface of your eye. The lens itself is naturally clear, but is often given the slightest ...
  • How do I go about getting contact lenses?
    If you want to wear contact lenses to correct your eyesight, you must start by consulting a CL clinic for a fitting.
  • Can anyone wear contact lenses?
    Nowadays, almost everyone can benefit from contact lens wear. Most eyesight problems can be corrected with contact lenses and advances in lens materials and solutions mean that wearing contact lenses is simpler, more ...
  • How do I know if contact lenses are right for me?
    doctor will put contact lenses on your eyes so that you can see how they feel, and will then check the lens fit and your vision. Once you’ve tried the lenses, you and ...
  • What type of contact lenses should I wear?
    Think about when and where you want to wear contact lenses: every day, for going out or playing sport, or just for special occasions. CL team will help you decide on the best ...
  • Am I too old for contact lenses?
    With modern lenses, there’s no reason why age should be a barrier. Bifocal and multifocal contact lenses are available for those who need different lens powers for distance and close work, or you ...
  • What type of contact lens is best for sport?
    Soft contact lenses are generally the best choice for active sports as these tend to move less on the eye compared to rigid gas permeable lenses (RGP) and are less likely to be ...
  • Will I still need to have glasses?
    Yes. You’ll need to have an up-to-date pair of glasses to wear when you 10.5
  • I don’t like the idea of putting something on my eye. Can I still wear contact lenses?
    Many people are concerned about a lens touching their eyes or putting them on but are still very successful with contact lenses. Try a lens for yourself and see how comfortable it can ...
  • Am I likely to lose a contact lens?
    Contact lenses are very unlikely to be dislodged provided you avoid rubbing your eyes. Take care when handling your lenses to ensure they only come into contact with your clean finger and your ...
  • How can I check my eyes for problems with my lenses?
    Ask yourself these three questions, each time you wear your lenses: do my eyes feel good with my lenses; do my eyes look good – no redness; and do I see well – ...
  • Do I have to wear my contact lenses every day?
    No. In fact some types of contact lens, such as daily disposable soft lenses, are particularly useful if you only want to wear contact lenses part time or occasionally. Ask us for advice ...
  • have two pairs of glasses, for distance and for reading. Can I wear contact lenses?
    Yes. There are many convenient options for correcting your eyesight with contact lenses. You may want to have contact lenses for most situations or continue to wear glasses just for reading. Bifocal or ...
  • My family member also got infection ,can he use the same eye drops which was prescribed to me?
    No, infection is caused by many organisms like bacteria ,virus , fungal . all commonly show redness symptoms but treatment and selection of eye drops differ for each case.seek your doctor advice and ...
  • What kinds of contact lenses are available?
    Contact lenses come in various material types, replacement schedules and wear schedules. There are two general types of contact lenses: hard and soft The hard lenses most commonly used today are rigid gas ...
  • What happens when I go for a contact lens fitting?
    Fitting includes discussing your visual and lifestyle requirements. An eye and contact lens examination will determine if your eyes are healthy and if you are suitable for lens wear. Doctor will also take ...
  • I’ve tried contact lenses before without success. Should I try again?
    Yes. Research has shown that many people who drop out from contact lenses can be successful with modern lenses. Lens designs and materials are constantly evolving – doctors will explain about the latest ...
  • Can I try contact lenses before I decide whether to wear them?
    We offer a trial so you can take the lenses away with you to see how you get on with them. You’ll need to learn how to look after your lenses, put them ...
  • Am I too young for contact lenses?
    No. There are hundreds of different types of contact lenses and thousands of different fittings. Each lens type needs to be fitted to meet your individual requirements. Contact lenses are not interchangeable and ...
  • Can I wear contact lenses for sport?
    Yes, contact lenses have many advantages for sport because they provide all-round, natural vision, are more stable than spectacles and are not affected by rain, fog or reflections.) They allow protective eyewear or ...
  • Can contact lenses protect my eyes against the sun?
    Some contact lenses block ultraviolet (UV) light and, worn with other forms of eye protection, offer protection from damaging UV rays. UV-blocking lenses alone can offer some protection when wearing sunglasses is undesirable ...
  • Are contact lenses comfortable to wear?
    Contact lenses provide excellent comfort and vision. Most people find that they are so easy to use that they forget they’re wearing them. CL team will help you find the most comfortable lenses ...
  • Are contact lenses hard to put on and take off?
    Applying and removing lenses takes some practice but will soon be as natural as brushing your teeth. We will help you get used to handling your lenses and will be on hand to ...
  • Are contact lenses bad for my eyes?
    Contact lenses are a very popular and successful way of correcting your vision and problems are thankfully rare. Contact lens-related infections affect only about four in 10,000 wearers per year and vision loss ...
  • Can a contact lens go round the back of my eye?
    The outer coating of the eye is continuous with the inner coating of the eyelid. If a lens is dislodged from the front of the eye it may settle under the upper or ...
  • Doctor told me I have astigmatism. Can I wear contact lenses?
    Yes. Almost all prescriptions can now be corrected with contact lenses, including astigmatism. Soft lenses, rigid gas permeable lenses and bifocal or multifocal lens designs are all available to correct astigmatism. These lenses ...
  • I normally wear multifocal glasses. Can I get multifocal contact lenses?
    Yes. Bifocal and multifocal contact soft lenses are available .
  • I have blurred vision even after infection is cured? is there any serious problem?
    No,due to infection your cornea may be affected deeply . It takes time to heal and restore the normal vision back .consult your cornea specialist in case of doubt and emergency .
Frequently Asked Questions

Cornea

  • What is cornea?
    The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped surface that covers the front of the eye
  • What is keratoconus?
    Keratoconus is a progressive disease in which the normally round cornea thins and begins to bulge into a cone-like shape. This cone shape deflects light as it enters the eye causing distorted vision.
  • What are the symptoms of keratoconus?
    Blurredand distortedvision,frequent change in glass prescription.
  • Can keratoconus be treated?
    Mild form of keratoconuscan be corrected byeyeglasses orRGP contact lenses. But severe forms cannot be corrected by them.
  • Will keratoconus progressive after C3R?
    It depends on the nature of condition,C3R helps to control the progress but cannot cure them completely .close follow up is required .
  • How to prevent eye allergy?
    Eye allergy can be prevented by avoiding exposure to common allergens by wearing sun goggles while going outside during allergy season, avoiding contact with pets and avoid using cosmetics and drops causing allergy.
  • How allergy /red eye is Treated ?
    Artificial tears: help to wash out the debris and lubricate the eyes. Decongestants: help reduce the redness. Not suitable for prolonged use since they cause rebound congestion. Anti-histamines : help reduce itching. Mast ...
  • How long eye infection last?
    If the infection is caused by a common viral infection and no other complications occur, then your eyes should clear up within a few days to two weeks. Infection also can be caused ...
  • I have difficulty in seeing bright light ? What should I do ?
    During infection your cornea( transparent part in front ) is affected which makes you more sensitive to bright light .it will be difficult for you to face bright light especially while driving .Its ...
  • What is a corneal transplant?
    A corneal transplant is a surgical procedure to replace part of your cornea with corneal tissue from a donor. The cornea is the transparent, dome-shaped surface of your eye. This surface is responsible ...
  • What are the reasons for a corneal transplant?
    Transplants may be performed to restore vision by replacing scarred, diseased or physically distorted corneal tissue with clear, non-distorted healthy tissue. Often times, these are typically caused by Keratoconus, trauma or infections.
  • How soon does my vision become functional?
    This varies from patient to patient, contingent upon the surgical technique employed to execute the procedure and achievable pre-operative vision. The new femtosecond laser technique (IEK), offers most patients the ability to achieve ...
  • Will my eye color change?
    No, your eye color stays exactly the same. The transplant involves only the transparent clear cornea and not the colored part of the eye (iris).
  • What is corneal ulcer?
    It is the wound in the cornea due to trauma or infection.
  • What causes keratoconus?
    Collagen fibers help hold the cornea in place and keep it from bulging. When these fibers become weak the cornea becomes progressively more cone shaped.
  • How keratoconus is diagnosed?
    By slit-lamp examination corneal thinning can be observed. Corneal topography is also useful in detecting early keratoconus and allows following its progression.
  • What is C3R?
    C3R stands for CORNEAL COLLAGEN CROSSLINKING with riboflavin C3R is a keratoconus treatment.
  • What is the cause for eye allergy?
    The most common airborne allergens that cause eye allergies are pollen, mold, dust and pet dander.Eye allergies also can be caused by reactions to certain cosmetics or eye drops that contain preservatives.It may ...
  • Can eye allergy be cured?
    Prevention is always better than cure. The first approach in managing eye allergy is to avoid allergens. – Stay indoors when allergens are at peak – Wear sunglasses when going out – Avoid ...
  • IS EYE infection is contagious ?
    Eye infection is caused by a virus or bacteria, the infected person can be contagious for several days to several weeks once symptoms (itchy, watery eyes; with or without eye discharge) appear.
  • Can I send my child to school with infected eyes?
    No ,infection is contagious .it is preferable to stay indoor as it may spread to other kids in school.
  • What is corneal blindness?
    Cornea, is the clear front surface of the eye which allows light to enter the eye. Vision could be markedly reduced or lost if the cornea becomes cloudy or scarred. This is known ...
  • Where does the donor tissue come from?
    Corneas are sourced from regional “eye banks.” The donor tissue is rigorously inspected for suitability and safety.
  • What is the risk of transplant failure?
    Corneal rejection is uncommon. Rarely, a loss of transparency occurs due to rejection or repeated eye surgeries. If this occurs, another procedure may be performed at the discretion of your surgeon. Most corneal ...
  • When can I resume normal activities?
    This varies from patient to patient. In general, it is safe to resume normal non-contact physical activities, like gym, yoga, etc., within 1 month.
Frequently Asked Questions

Glaucoma

  • What is glaucoma?
    It is a condition that cause damage to the optic nerve, which transmits information from the eye to the brain. It usually (but not always) is associated with high intraocular pressure (IOP). Left ...
  • How glaucoma is diagnosed?
    During the routine eye checkup, the IOP (intraocular pressure) will be measured by tonometry (NCT-non-contact tonometry) and dilated fundus examination will be done. If the IOP is found to be on the borderline ...
  • Is glaucoma preventable?
    Risk of glaucoma can be reduced by healthy life style (ie) avoid smoking and alcohol intake.
  • What is the treatment for glaucoma?
    Doctors usually prescribe special glaucoma eye drops that reduce intraocular pressure. These are used one or several times a day, depending on the medication. Occasionally oral medication are prescribed in oder to reduce ...
  • Is glaucoma hereditary?
    The most common type of glaucoma, primary open-angle glaucoma, is hereditary. If members of your immediate family have glaucoma, you are at a much higher risk than the rest of the population.
  • Who are at risk for glaucoma?
    Some people have a higher than normal risk of getting glaucoma. This includes people who – are over age 40 – have family history of glaucoma – have high eye pressure – have ...
  • What causes glaucoma?
    The passages that normally allow fluid within your eye to drain become clogged or blocked. Fluid within your eye then builds up and increases pressure on the optic nerve. The nerve fibres and ...
  • How is glaucoma harmful to vision?
    The optic nerve, at the back of the eye, carries visual information to the brain. As the optic nerve fibres are damaged, the amount and quality of information sent to the brain decreases ...
  • What are the signs and symptoms of glaucoma?
    The signs or symptoms of glaucoma can vary depending on the type Primary open-angle glaucoma often develops slowly and painlessly, with no early warning signs. It can gradually destroy your vision without you ...
  • What medications should I avoid when putting glaucoma drugs?
    In narrow angle glaucoma it is better to avoid anticholinergic it is better to consult your physician before taking any drug
  • When my blood pressure goes up, what happens to my eye pressure?
    If someone were to raise your blood pressure your eye pressure might go up immediately. Just as quickly your eye would compensate for this and return your eye pressure to its usual level ...
  • Will glasses help with glaucoma?
    Glasses do not directly help glaucoma,using glasses cannot restore the vision loss occurred due to glaucoma.
  • How important is it to put the drops in at exactly the time stated?
    It is important to get into a routine and to put the drops in at around the same time each day, but the exact time is less important.
  • What happens if I forget to take my drops when I go out?
    Do not worry unduly if you forget on the odd occasion, but try to get into the habit of taking your drops with you wherever you go. If you have forgotten a drop, ...
  • Can strong sunlight affect primary open angle glaucoma?
    No, but if eyes are sensitive to strong light, then sunglasses can be helpful.
  • Should I let my eye doctor know if I develop other medical conditions?
    Yes. It may influence the treatment they prescribe you. Please remember that eye drops are powerful medications and that they can interact with other treatments.
  • What are the symptoms of glaucoma?
    There are usually no symptoms that you’re developing glaucoma until vision loss occurs, which is why it’s so important to have regular eye checkup. Your eye doctor can detect and treat high IOP ...
  • Is glaucoma curable?
    Vision loss from glaucoma cannot be reversed. Routine eye exams are essential to discover glaucoma early and begin glaucoma treatment before significant vision loss has occurred
  • What are the different types of glaucoma?
    There are two main forms of glaucoma: open-angle (the most common form, affecting approximately 70-90% of individuals); and angle-closure. There are also several other forms of glaucoma, including normal-tension, congenital, juvenile, and secondary ...
  • How long medications are to be used for glaucoma?
    Glaucoma medications are to be put lifelong to prevent optic nerve damage. If pressure remains uncontrolled by drops then anti glaucoma surgery ( trabeculectomy )will be done. If iop is well controlled and ...
  • How frequently a glaucoma patient should visit an ophthalmologist?
    The frequency and the composition of follow-up evaluation depend on the age of the patient, the level of elevation of IOP, the appearance of optic nerve head cupping, a family history of glaucoma, ...
  • What is the normal IOP?
    Eye pressure is measured in millimetres of mercury (mm Hg). Normal eye pressure ranges from 10-21mm Hg.
  • Will vision be restored after surgery?
    Unfortunately, any vision loss due to glaucoma usually cannot be restored. This is why regular preventive eye examinations are so important. Low-vision rehabilitation services, which include the use of specialized optical devices and ...
  • Will I go blind from glaucoma?
    If diagnosed at an early stage, glaucoma can often be controlled with little or no further vision loss. If left untreated, first peripheral vision and then central vision will be affected, and blindness ...
  • What should be done if I forget to put my eye drops on time?
    It is very important to take your eye drops consistently (compliance). Inconsistent use of drops will cause pressure fluctuation (diurnal variation) in the intraocular pressure (IOP) and causes more damage to optic nerve.. ...
  • When my eyes feel dry, can I take more of my glaucoma drops?
    In many instances, the glaucoma drops themselves have a side effect of causing dry eyes. Increasing their use would not only exacerbate the dryness but also not follow the prescribed dosing interval.
  • What is the ideal eye pressure for me?
    Every individual has a unique pressure that is good for their eye. Whereas one person may have a pressure of 29 and be on no drops, another person may have a pressure of ...
  • Do I need to put the drops in before I come to the clinic?
    Yes. Always continue as usual unless requested otherwise. It helps the doctor to judge the effect of the treatment.
  • Is it safe to put in an extra drop just to make sure?
    Yes, if you are not certain that the first drop went in, it is safe to put in another drop. In general, it is best to avoid putting in more than one drop.
  • Where should I keep the drops and for how long?
    Keep your drops in a cool place or in the door of the refrigerator, which is cool but not as cool as if they were put on one of the shelves. Do not ...
  • Can I take other medicines at the same time as my glaucoma treatment?
    Patients with angle closure or narrow angle types of glaucoma should seek advice before taking some types of tranquilliser or certain asthma and indigestion medicines. However, these are usually safe if you have ...
  • Why do I have to see the eye specialist or attend the glaucoma clinic regularly?
    It is important to attend regularly, even if your glaucoma is stable. The purpose of your visits is to monitor the glaucoma (through optic nerve appearance, visual field and eye pressure tests) to ...
Frequently Asked Questions

Low Vision

  • What are bioptic telescopes? How do they help?
    Bioptic telescopes (also called bioptics) are small telescopes attached to a pair of glasses. They come in a variety of designs (attached to the top of a pair of glasses, drilled into the lens itself, etc.). When a user looks through the telescope at a distant object, the image is enlarged making it easier to see.
  • How can I purchase a low vision device?
    Low vision products are available only through eye care or vision rehabilitation professionals (usually called low vision professionals) who are trained in being able to determine which device is best for an end user and can then fit the device and provide training to ensure success with the product. All kind of low vision devices are available at our low vision clinic. Our low vision team will help you to select the devices according to your condition and needs.
  • How much do low vision devices cost?
    The cost varies widely by the type of product and the brand Causes of Low Vision Some of the most common visual impairments that can cause low vision include the following Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD/ARMD): AMD is a leading cause of vision loss among Americans over age 60. It accounts for nearly half of all low vision cases. It is caused when the part of the eye responsible for sharp, straight-on vision – the macula – breaks down and causes a loss of central vision. There are two types of AMD, wet and dry. Wet AMD is caused by the ...
  • What kind of visual impairments are low vision products for?
    The major eye diseases and conditions for which low vision devices are used are age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, cataracts, retinitis pigmentosa, albinism, Stargardt’s disease and retinopathy of prematurity, among others.
  • Why are there so many different types of low vision devices?
    Low vision devices vary for the same reason a carpenter carries so many different tools: each is good for a different task. Depending on the job, a carpenter may use a hammer, a wrench or a screwdriver. Likewise, a visually impaired patient may use a magnifier to read a pill bottle, a telescope to watch television, and a video magnifier to read a book. Each low vision device has its own set of tasks for which it is ideal and many people often use multiple devices.
  • What are CCTVs? How do they help?
    Closed-circuit televisions (CCTVs) are now more commonly referred to as video magnifiers or electronic magnifiers and come in a variety of designs. The classic desktop magnifier can be compared to a microfiche machine often seen in a public library; an object (the film) rests under a camera and an enlarged image of it appears on a monitor above. Video magnifiers act similarly to other low vision devices in that they enlarge the image of an object so that it is easier to see.
  • What are tints? How do they help?
    Contrast-enhancing glasses, filters, tinted filters, absorptive filters, anti-glare glasses or glare control eyewear―block a certain range of light and are available in a variety of tints, the most popular being yellow, amber, orange, plum and gray. The glasses are usually designed to fit over prescription eyewear and improve the viewer’s visual contrast making it easier to see an object against its background.
  • What is low vision?
    Low vision is the term used to refer to a visual impairment that is not correctable through surgery, pharmaceuticals, glasses or contact lenses. It is often characterized by partial sight, such as blurred vision, blind spots or tunnel vision. Low vision can impact people of all ages, but is primarily associated with older adults.
  • What is low vision care?
    Low vision care, also known as vision rehabilitation, is a service provided by an eye care or vision rehabilitation professional that helps maximize the remaining vision of someone who has a vision impairment. Low vision care typically involves an evaluation by the professional and the use of low vision devices (also called low vision aids), rehabilitation training and other techniques.
  • How can low vision care help a visually impaired person?
    Low vision care can help make the most of the remaining vision that a visually impaired person has in order to gain back independence and increase quality of life. With the low vision devices and the training provided by eye care and vision rehabilitation professionals, many people with a vision impairment can continue to read, take care of their own finances, view photographs and watch television―all on their own!
  • Unfortunately, there is no one specific device that is ideal for any particular eye disease or condition?
    The device needed depends on a number of variables and varies even among people with same eye disease, which is why a low vision patient should be evaluated by a low vision specialist who can demonstrate different devices to determine which one(s) work best for that individual’s needs.
  • How do low vision devices help those with vision impairments?
    Low vision devices make the image of an object appear larger and easier to see on the back of the eye in order to better focus on the image. The magnification that is provided by low vision devices allows the vision impaired individual to be able to see around the scotomas (dark spots) that are associated with low vision. The devices improve the contrast of the object so it can be more easily separated from its background.
  • What are spectacle microscopes? How do they help?
    A spectacle microscope is a pair of glasses that has a high-powered lens on one side and a clear lens on the other side. The glasses have to be used monocularly (one eye at a time) because of convergence issues. Spectacle microscopes are typically used for reading or other near tasks because in order to work properly, the object must be held very near to the eye.
Frequently Asked Questions

Orthoptics

  • What if I cannot come for inoffice VT ?
    There are software VT available which you can install in your computer and do VT from your home and your performance will be monitored by our team.Contact our BVC team for further information.
  • Who need vision therapy?
    Once you are diagnosed to have any kind of eye muscle problem after thorough orthoptics evaluation by our BVC team who will require vision therapy. People with symptoms such as headache ,eyestrain,blurredvision,difficulty in focusing, double vision,eye pain associated with near work and computer usage. Children with amblyopia may require special amblyopia (anti suppression )therapy.
  • Can these exercise improve my child vision or get rid of glasses in future ?
    Probably No,vision therapy aims to provide better eye muscle coordination , can indirectly reduces the progression of power in some cases and helps to relieve eye symptoms such as headache ,eye strain,eye pain,double vision etc. In some case some amount of squint can be controlled and corrected with these therapy .
  • Will this computer therapy affect my eyes?
    No ,these software therapy are designed in such a way they don’t have any adverse effect on your eyes .a pair of special glasses are provided while doing computer VT. following professional instruction helps you to achieve better result.
  • What is home and in office Vision therapy ?
    In office VT are exercise done in hospital under supervision of professionals.it can be both computer and manual exercise. Home VT are exercise advisedfor patient to do in home after completing in office therapy .it helps to maintain the improvement and stabilize the condition.
  • How often should I come for follow up?
    It depends on your condition .it can once in every 3-6 months .
  • What is vision therapy(VT) ?
    Vision therapy is the physical therapy given to patient who is diagnosed to have binocular anomalies The goal of vision therapy is to optimize the visual system, and areas of the brain that control vision, visual efficiency, visual perception and other vision-related functions. By treating the entire visual system, vision therapy aims to change reflexive (automatic) behaviours to produce a lasting cure. Vision therapy can treat vision problems that interfere with efficient reading among schoolchildren. It provides treatment for amblyopia (lazy eye), learning related vision problems, traumatic/acquired brain injuries. It also can help reduce eyestrain and other symptoms of computer ...
  • What are the types of therapy given in BVC?
    Manual exercise through synaptophore Computerized software therapy Take home software therapy Take home manual vision therapy
  • How effective is VT?
    VT is proven to be more effective in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients who followed proper instruction and good compliance with exercise.
  • Vision therapy is only for children?
    Vision therapy can be advised to all age group patient with binocular anomalies and vision symptoms.
  • How long it takes to complete vision therapy ?
    It depends on the severity of the condition. Usually totally 10 sittings are advised .it can be done one hour every day or alternating days or two hours per day for 5 days ..after the completion of VT , review is done on final day to check for the improvement depending on the result your professional will advise home VT.
Frequently Asked Questions

Pediatric

  • What is Refractive Error?
    Normally, the rays of light entering the eye are brought to a precise focus on the retina – the light sensitive layer lining the back of the eye. When such a focus is not achieved, a refractive error results and vision is not clear. These imperfections in the focusing power of the eye are called refractive errors. The common refractive errors are 1. Myopia or Near sightedness 2. Hyperopia or Far sightedness 3. Astigmatism Myopia (Near Sightedness): A Myopic eye is longer than normal or has a cornea that is too steep, as a result of which the light rays ...
  • How important is it for children to wear their glasses?
    Early childhood is the most critical period of vision development. Blurred vision in one or both eyes can prevent the visual system from developing properly. Wearing glasses and seeing better is proven to improve school performance. That’s why it’s important for children wear their prescribed glasses.
  • My child avoids wearing his glasses. He says it’s blurry with them on
    Children usually need a few weeks to get used to new glasses or to an updated prescription. Often children who have a negative perception of glasses will claim they see blurry to avoid having to wear them. Only if he continues to complain after one month of consistently wearing the glasses should they be rechecked to make sure that they are accurate
  • Does watching TV, using the iPad or iPhone, or staring at the computer make the eyes or vision weak? Do these behaviors cause increased need for glasses or damage the eyes?
    Watching television or working on computers or video display terminals (VDTs) will not harm your eyes. Often, when using a VDT for long periods of time, just as when reading or doing other close work, you blink less often than normal. This reduced rate of blinking makes your eyes dry, which may lead to the feeling of eye strain or reflexive excessive blinking. There is some evidence that excessive indoor reading or viewing of VDT activities can increase myopia, so outdoor activity after school can balance against this.
  • Why does my child’s prescription continue to increase?
    The prescription continues to increase because the eyes are growing. A naturally growing eye becomes more myopic or nearsighted. This is a normal developmental process, not a degenerative process.
  • Why has my child been prescribed glasses?
    Learning that your child needs glasses can be an emotional experience. Some parents feel sad that their child’s eyesight is not perfect. Despite newer and more fashionable frames, glasses can seem like an intrusion on your little one’s face. The key is to develop a positive attitude. Help your child realize that the glasses will make an important difference in their eyesight. Your child will now have a chance to see better and get information more efficiently. Parents who honestly believe that glasses are important for their child will have an advantage when it comes to getting the youngster to ...
  • What are some tips for getting children to wear their glasses?
    This is a question most parents ask, especially when their child is an infant or toddler. The best answer is that most young children who really need glasses will wear them happily because they do make a difference in their vision. Here are a few ideas to help get your child to wear glasses Start by having your child wear glasses for short periods during enjoyable activities, when your child will be having so much fun that he or she will forget about them. Use the glasses as part of reward times, such as when your child is watching his ...
  • Will my child need glasses for the rest of her life?Will she become dependant on them?
    If your child has myopia or nearsightedness, then she will most likely need glasses for life or until she elects contact lenses as a teenager or refractive (LASIK) eye surgery as an adult (usually no sooner than age 18 to 21). Since clear vision with eyeglasses is preferable to uncorrected vision, glasses wearers may find that they want to wear eyeglasses more often
  • Are there vitamins, nutrients or dietary things I can do to reduce the glasses prescription for my child?
    Almost all children in the United States have an adequate, well-balanced diet including vitamins that are sufficient to promote normal eye health and growth. The need to wear glasses is unrelated to the nutritional state of the body. It is nevertheless helpful to ensure plenty of green, leafy vegetables for healthy eyes and eyesight.
  • Is there any vision therapy /exercise to prevent the need for glasses or to decrease the progression of the power of glasses?
    There is no scientifically proven vision therapy that will prevent the need for glasses or decrease the rate of progression of the power of the glasses, or that will slow down eye growth, or reduce the strength of the glasses.
Frequently Asked Questions

Retinopathy of Prematurity

  • Should people with diabetic retinopathy change their diet?
    A very well-balanced diet and certain food guidelines are recommended for people with diabetic retinopathy. Sugars and fats, which increase blood sugar levels, must be avoided.
  • Will both eyes be affected?
    Yes
  • What are symptoms of ocular migraine?
    Typically you will see a small, enlarging blind spot (scotoma) in your central vision with bright, flickering lights (scintillations) or a shimmering zig-zag line (metamorphopsia) inside the blind spot. The blind spot usually enlarges and may move across your field of vision. This entire migraine phenomenon may end in only a few minutes, but usually lasts as long as about 20-30 minutes.
  • What is macular edema?
    Macular edema is a complication of non – proliferative as well as proliferative diabetic retinopathy (and of other diseases, particularly vein occlusions). It is a swelling of the macula (the central area of the retina) caused by leakage of fluid and blood through the walls of dilated blood vessels. Macular edema is the most common cause of vision loss.
  • Is ARMD curable?
    No, but treatment can slow or even stop the progression of the wet form, so the earlier you’re diagnosed, better the improvement.
  • What is the treatment for ocular migraine?
    They cause no permanent visual or brain damage and do not require treatment.Still, always consult your eye doctor when you have unusual vision symptoms, because it’s possible that you have another condition requiring treatment, such as a detached retina, which should be checked out immediately
  • What is pathological myopia?
    When an eye has myopia greater than 8 diopters, the problem is known as pathological or high myopia. Degenerative myopia, also called malignant progressive myopia, causes progressive stretching and gradual damage of the retina, choroid, vitreous, sclera, and optic nerve. This type of myopia needs regular clinical evaluation. At this time, the progression of this eye disease cannot be stopped. However, some complications of degenerative myopia such as retinal detachment, macular edema, and glaucoma, can be treated.
  • What is the treatment for ARMD ?
    For dry armd- vitamin supplements Wet armd- photodynamic therapy and intravitreal injections
  • What is night blindness?
    Blindness refers to difficulty seeing at night or in poor or dim lighting situations. The main indication of night blindness is difficulty seeing well in dark or dim lighting, especially when transitioning from a brighter to a lower light environment, like walking from outside into a dimly lit room. Many experience difficulty driving at night, particularly with the glare of the streetlights or the headlights from oncoming traffic
  • What are the retinal complications in high myopia?
    Peripheral retinal degenerations Retinal tear Retinal holes Retinal detachment
  • What is a macular hole?
    A hole develops in the macula, due to the vitreous gel inside the eye pulling on the retina. This vitreous gel tends to shrink as we get older causing traction. In most cases, macular holes can be surgically repaired, providing they are treated early.
  • What are the causes of night blindness?
    Night blindness is a condition that can be present from birth, or caused by a disease, injury or even a vitamin deficiency. Retinitis Pigmentosa – a genetic condition in which the pigmented cells in the retina break down causing a loss of peripheral vision and night blindness.
  • When to follow up?
    If you are asymptomatic follow up every 6 months. The symptoms of a PVD and retinal detachment are – flashing lights – a recent onset, increase or change in your floaters – a curtain effect coming down, up or across your vision. It’s important if you notice any of these symptoms or any new symptoms that you have in your eyes checked immediately by an eye specialist.
  • How a macular hole treated?
    Surgery is the treatment for macular hole. It is better to get operated within six months of it being found. The longer a hole is left, it is difficult. To successfully close the hole. In most cases, surgery will stop the vision problems getting worse. Most people will notice some improvement in vision, and more than 50% of cases will gain sufficient vision to allow driving and reading. It is difficult to restore perfect vision
  • Is nightblindness is hereditary?
    Yes. Nightblindness due to retinitis pigmentosa are hereditary in nature.
  • What is lattice degeneration?
    It is the peripheral thinning of retina in high myopia. . It can cause holes and tears of the retina causing retinal detachment.
  • What is retinal vein occlusion?
    Retinal vein occlusion, is a blockage in the veins of the retina. There are two main types: branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). A blockage in both is thought to be caused by pressure on the vein from outside The most common cause of these is high blood pressure.
  • How RP IS DIAGNOSED?
    Dilated fundus examination and ERG (signals from retina are recorded) is done to confirm RP.
  • What are the symptoms of lattice degeneration?
    Lattice degeneration ismostly asymptomatic. But if the patient sees any flashes or floaters it may be a warning sign of a tear or hole which has to be treated immediately to prevent retinal detachment.
  • What are the symptoms of retinal vein occlusion?
    Patients with both branch and central retinal vein occlusions usually describe a sudden painless loss of vision in one eye that may affect near and distance vision… it is very important to be checked immediately.
  • What is the Treatment for RP?
    Vision loss due to RP is irreversible. Low vision aids and visual rehabilitation are advised by the specialist.
  • Is treatment required for lattice degeneration?
    If you are asymptomatic both eyes, there is no family history of retinal detachment they need not be treated. But if there is a development of tear, laser is adviced.
  • What is the treatment for retinal vein occlusion?
    Treatment used in retinal vein occlusions. These include – Intravitreal injection – Laser photocoagulation – Vitrectomy surgery – Choice of treatment depends on clinical findings. Branch retinal vein occlusions usually occur in people over 50 years old and are more common in people with high blood pressure (hypertension. Central retinal vein occlusions also occur in the same age group and are associated with high blood pressure, smoking, and glaucoma.
  • What are floaters?
    Floaters are dark spots, thread or cob web like structures moving in the line of vision.
  • What is diabetic retinopathy?
    It is a condition where high blood sugar levels damage the retinal blood vessels and cause leakage of fluid and blood in the retina.
  • What happens when diabetic retinopathy is not treated?
    It would result in blindness.
  • What is the treatment for hypertension retinopathy?
    Controlling high blood pressure prevents changes in the blood vessels of the eye, as well as in other organs like the heart, kidneys and brain. Therefore, controlling high blood pressure is the only treatment for hypertensive retinopathy. The patient needs to follow a healthy lifestyle and adhere to the appropriate medical drug treatment .
  • What is FFA?
    Fundus Fluorescein angiography is a procedure to examine the tiny blood vessels in the eye.A dye called fluorescein is injected in your arm and serial photographs of eyes are taken. Dye highlight the blood vessel in the back of eye.
  • Will floaters disappear?
    They will gradually disappear and diminish over years.
  • What is the treatment of diabetic retinopathy?
    First advice is to control the blood sugar level. – Treatment depends on stages of diabetic retinopathy. – Initial stages may require regular retina checkup and good Blood sugar controlled. – In advance case retina laser is done to prevent bleed from new vessels. – More advance cases with persistent bleed and retinal detachment may need retina surgery. – Diabetic macular oedema may require Intravitreal injection (injection in the eye) and lasers.
  • What are the common causes of floaters?
    Age, Diabetes are common causes of floaters.
  • How to prevent diabetic retinopathy?
    Keeping your blood sugar and blood pressure under control can help prevent diabetic retinopathy Even controlled diabetes can lead to diabetic retinopathy, so you should have your eyes examined once a year.
  • What is retina?
    The retina is the nerve layer that lines the back of the eye, senses light, and creates impulses that travel through the optic nerve to the brain. There is a small area, called the macula, in the retina that contains special light-sensitive cells
  • What is retinal detachment?
    It is a condition in which part of the retina is lifted or pulled from its normal position, and causes vision loss. If not treated leads to blindness. Therefore, retinal detachment is always considered an emergency
  • How diabetes affects retina?
    Diabetes affects the background retina and the macula. Background retinopathy – can be non-proliferative (NPDR) and proliferative (PDR). This may or may not be associated with diabetic maculopathy
  • What are the symptoms of retinal disease?
    Flashes Floaters Sudden loss of vision Distortion of vision
  • What are the causes of retinal detachment?
    Retinal holes, retinal breaks, or retinal tears, and liquefaction of the vitreous humor. injury to the eye can cause retinal detachment
  • What are the symptoms of diabetic retinopathy?
    If the macula is affected, blurring of vision occurs. If the macula is not affected the patient will have no symptoms.
  • What is vitreous?
    Vitreous is a thick transparent gel like substance that fills the eyeball between the lens and retina .It contains 99% of water and rest is a mixture of collagens, proteins, salts and glucose.
  • What precautions to be taken to prevent retinal detachment?
    If u have sudden flashes or floaters consult your ophthalmologist immediately. I f you are have high myopia or if you have a family history of retinal problems be sure to have your eye examined regularly. Always wear safety eyewear during sports and other hazardous activities
  • What is non proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
    In this type, retinal blood vessels leak causing oedema and hemorrhage.
  • Do I require dilatation of eyes for retinal checkup?
    Yes. For retina checkup, the pupil are dilated(expanded) with the help of drops which are instilled in both eyes. The drops are put every 15 mins for up to 5-6 times and it takes about 45 to 90 minutes to achieve the full effect. It’s after this the retina specialist examines your retina, this test is also known as fundus examination.
  • Does RD occur in both eyes?
    Detachment is more likely to occur if the other eye has the condition (such as lattice degeneration) associated with retinal detachment in the first eye. If only one eye suffers a serious injury or requires eye surgery then, of course, the chance of detachment in the other eye is less.
  • What is proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
    In this type abnormal blood vessels are formed over the retina which causes hemorrhage and retinal detachment.
  • Can I drive after retina checkup?
    No. Due to dilatation. Person experience blurring of vision and its not safe to drive.
  • What are the risk factors for a retinal detachment(RD)?
    Retinal detachment(RD) can happen to anyone at any age, however it is more common over the age of 40. It is commonly seen in people who had cataract surgery, myopia, eye injury, family history of RD, had RD in other eyes.
  • Is diabetic retinopathy curable?
    It is not possible to reverse the damage that has occurred unless it is detected in a very early stage. Treatment can slow the progression of vision loss.
  • I have diabetes, should I consult a retina specialist?
    Definitely. Diabetes affects the microvasculature. Therefore it is important to check your retina.
  • What is treatment of retinal detachment?
    Treatment depends on configuration of retinal detachment multiple options like pneumatic retinopexy, scleral buckling, vitrectomy are available but type of RD and associated pathology decide the choice of surgery.
  • How frequently eye checkup should be done for diabetic retinopathy?
    It is advisable to get your eyes checked once in a year
  • When should I see a retina specialist?
    Common symptoms of retinal disease are sudden loss of vision, distorted vision, floaters and flashes, peripheral shadows. Apart from this individuals who have DM,HT, high myopia should undergo retina checkup every 6-12 months. Anyone more than 40 years should get a retinal check up every year.
  • How long does it take for a detached retina to heal?
    Improvement starts in 2 weeks after surgery. Retina may continue to heal for a year or more and it may take months to stabilise after surgery.
  • How is diabetic retinopathy diagnosed?
    By dilated fundus (retina) examination.
  • Can high BP affect retina?
    Uncontrolled high blood pressure can damage the retinal vessels causing hypertension retinopathy. It causes edema, hemorrhages, occlusion of the retinal vessels leading to permanent retinal damage and vision loss. Hence it is prudent to keep your blood pressure under control and check your eyes yearly.
  • What is OCT?
    Optical coherence tomography is a non-invasive diagnostic test used for imaging of retina. it helps in early detection of any disease. It is used to diagnose macular disorders like ARMD, macular edema, macular hole, CSR.
  • What to do if I have floaters and flashes?
    Mostly floaters are harmless, but are warning signs to get eye check up. In DM and HTN can be due to blood in eye. After PVD chance of retinal break is there. So we should not avoid floaters.
  • Who is at risk of diabetic retinopathy?
    Juvenile diabetes – more than five years Adult onset diabetes – more than 10 years.
  • When to screen for retinopathy when a diabetic woman gets pregnant?
    Screening should start from the first trimester since progression is very fast in pregnant woman
  • What is age related macular degeneration (ARMD)?
    It is the degenerative condition of the retina in which the central area of the retina responsible for central vision, the macula is affected
  • What is ocular migraine?
    Visual problems associated with migraines are known as ophthalmic migraines, or ocular migraines, changes also may take place in blood flow to the area of the brain responsible for vision (visual cortex or occipital lobe). Resulting ophthalmic or ocular migraines commonly can produce visual symptoms even without a headache.
Frequently Asked Questions

Squint

  • What are the causes of amblyopia?
    Squints (strabismus): When a child develops a squint their brain is able to ‘turn off’ the image from one eye, preventing them from experiencing double vision. This process is known as suppression. As a consequence of suppressing the image from one eye the connections between this eye and the brain do not develop in the normal way and the vision in this eye is reduced. This is known as strabismic amblyopia, because it has arisen as a result of a squint. This type of amblyopia is more commonly seen in children with an esotropia (convergent squint) compared to children who ...
  • What is squint (strabismus)?
    Squint is a mis-alignment of the two eyes where in two eyes are not looking in the same direction. This misalignment may be constant, being present throughout the day, or it may appear sometimes and the rest of the time the eyes may be straight called as intermittent squint
  • What happens if the vision does not improve with glasses, patching and /or atropine penalisation?
    Occasionally the vision in the amblyopic eye does not improve despite the fact that the glasses have been worn full time and patching and / or penalisation has been carried out as instructed. When this happens the ophthalmologist will re-examine the back of the eye again to make sure that there is not a subtle abnormality of the optic nerve or retina (which might not have been apparent at the time of the initial examination), that could be the cause of the poor vision.
  • What is patching/occlusion therapy?
    Squinting eye can become ‘lazy’ and result in reduced vision. Patching the ‘good’ eye will make the lazy eye work harder, which improves vision. Patching does not treat the squint, although the unpatched eye will appear to be straight while the patch is worn when the patch is removed the squint returns to the pre-patching position. The patch is made from non-irritating material to prevent rashes, and spectacles are worn over the patch.
  • What are the symptoms of squint?
    In a child, the parents may notice the deviation of eyes.Adults may notice double vision, or misalignment of the eyes. Esotropias: An esotropia is the medical name for a convergent squint where one eye turns in towards the nose. Exotropias: An exotropia is the medical name for a divergent squint where the one eye turns outwards. Hypertropias and Hypotropias: These terms refer to vertical squints where one eye is higher (hypertropia) or lower (hypotropia) than the fellow eye. There are a number of different types of squint in each of these three groups, which have their own individual characteristics and ...
  • How is squint diagnosed?
    The squint is diagnosed by the ophthalmologist by special tests performed in squint clinic to confirm the presence of squint, and find out the type of squint. In some cases there may be a false appearance of squint due to broad nasal bridge in a child. This is called as false squint.
  • When should the squint be treated?
    In a child, the treatment of squint should be started as soon as possible to prevent amblyopia. The younger the age at which amblyopia is treated; the better is the chance of recovery of vision. A delay in treatment may decrease the chances of getting a good alignment of the eyes and the vision.
  • What are the treatment options?
    Glasses – Patching/occlusion therapy – Penalisation ( which induces dilation of pupil relieves ciliary muscle spasm) – Surgery
  • Can glasses correct squint?
    If the child has developed squint due to refractive error. Wearing glasses may correct squint. This clear vision is very to prevent amblyopia, and maintaining the alignment of eyes after they have been aligned by surgery
  • Can yoga or exercise correct squint ?
    No, yoga or general body exercise will not correct squint .there are special eye exercise offered by orthoptics clinic to relieve eye strain, headache symptoms and treat squint to certain extent.
  • Is surgery required to correct squint?
    Treatment of squint generally requires eye muscle surgery. However, some patients may need glasses, prisms, medications, or may be best left untreated. Your ophthalmologist will decide whether u require a surgery or not.
  • What is amblyopia?
    Amblyopia is the medical term for a “lazy eye”. The reduced vision in an amblyopic eye occurs even though there is no structural abnormality of the eye. Amblyopia is responsible for more visual loss in childhood than all the other causes of visual loss combined.
  • When is it too late to start patching treatment?
    Although the connections between a child’s eyes and their brain are normally fully formed by the age of 8-9 years, occlusion therapy can still be successful up to the age of 14 in some cases.
  • Why is it important to improve the vision in the amblyopic eye?
    In children who have the potential to develop stereopsis, their 3D vision will be better if they have good vision in both eyes. Perhaps the most important reason for treating amblyopia is to ensure that the vision is good enough in the amblyopic eye to enable the person to drive a car, work and live independently if they were to loose the vision in their other eye in later life.
  • What causes squint?
    The exact cause of squint is not known. Six muscles control the movement of each eye. Each of these muscle acts along with its fellow in the other eye to keep both the eyes aligned properly. A loss of coordination between the muscles of the two eyes leads to misalignment Refractive error -hypermetropia (far sightedness) or an eye muscle paralysis may lead to deviation of the eye. Poor vision in an eye because of some other eye disease like cataract, etc. may also cause the eye to deviate. Any trauma or injury to eye can lead to squinting of eyes. ...
  • How often should a child should come for check up?
    It depends on the severity of the condition. usually close follow up may require from 3-6 months
  • Why can’t I leave the patching until my child is older and I can reason with him/her?
    Unfortunately by this time it is often “too late” for the patching to work. Vision is developing at its fastest rate in the early years of life.
  • I don’t want to do this to my child. It feels cruel?
    It is also cruel to deprive them of the possibility of better vision in their weak eye. An untreated squinting eye can lead to a virtually “blind” eye. This has consequences if the child should lose the sight of their good eye later in life through accident or eye disease.
  • Why can’t my child have an operation to improve the sight in their lazy eye instead of the eye patch?
    A squint operation can only restore the use of the two eyes together and / or improve the appearance of the squinting eye. It does not treat the poor vision in the amblyopic eye, this can only be done by patching / atropine drops and / or glasses. Is it worth me patching at all? A two-hour dose of patching has been recommended, but my child will only wear the patch for half an hour. Yes, any patching is better than none at all and you may be able to gradually increase the length of time the patch is worn ...
  • Do I have to do the patching in one session each day? What do I do if I forget one day?
    The patching can be worn continuously for the prescribed time or it can be split up eg. 2 hours continuously or two 1 hour slots – whichever fits best into your routine. However, many parents find that splitting it up causes more “fuss” from the child! If you forget to patch one day try to patch for twice the recommended time the next day.
  • I have noticed the squint sometimes swaps over into the good eye. What should I do?
    If the squint swaps into the good eye occasionally this is a good sign for the vision, it means that the vision is becoming more equal in the two eyes. If the squint just swaps over occasionally keep patching for the recommended time. If at any point you think that the good eye is turning more than the “bad” one then you should stop the patch and contact your eye clinic for advice.
  • How many hours a day will the patch have to be worn for?
    There is good evidence that 2 hours of patching a day is as effective as 6 hours of patching for moderate cases of amblyopia (vision between 20/40 – 20/80 or 6/12-6/24). In more severe amblyopia patching for 6 hours per day is usually recommended. It has been shown that full time patching is no more effective than patching for 6 hours per day, even in severe amblyopia.
  • How long will patching be needed for?
    The duration of patching will depend on the severity of the amblyopia, the age of the child and how well the child and their parents are able to stick to the prescribed patching regimen.
  • Will the improvement in vision be permanent?
    In approximately 80% of children the visual improvement is maintained for at least a year after patching is stopped. Recurrence of the amblyopia is more likely to occur if patching is stopped Suddenly, if the amblyopic eye is much more long sighted than the good eye (anisometropic amblyopia) or when the amblyopia is a combination of strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia. This is why it is important to continue monitoring the vision until the child is 8-9 years of age, so any recurrence of the amblyopia can be treated.
Frequently Asked Questions

ROP

  • How are at-risk infants followed?
    They are examined either at the bedside or by digital pictures, generally on a weekly basis.
  • What is the retina?
    The eye is a hollow sphere, and the retina the inner lining of the eye wall. It is the structure responsible for capturing visual information and sending it to the brain. There are multiple layers to the retina. The blood vessels which supply oxygen to the retina lie in the innermost layers.
  • How often should a child needs follow up?
    Its depends on the stage of ROP,usually 4-6months follow up is advised initially. As the condition stabilize yearly follow up is compulsory.
  • How important are follow-up visits for ROP?
    Failing to keep follow-up appointments puts your child at risk of blindness.
  • When are infants with ROP treated?
    Most infants requiring treatment for ROP are treated at about 35-36 weeks post-conceptional age (typical range 32-40 weeks). If you experience tired eyes, overall fatigue or discomfort when working at your computer, schedule a computer vision exam. Our eye doctor can help you decide if computer eyeglasses are right for you.
  • What is the treatment procedure?
    The baby’s eyes are dilated, a lid speculum is used to hold the lids open, and the peripheral retina is treated with the laser. Treatment can be done either under general anesthesia, or sedation with local anesthesia.
  • Is treatment for ROP painful?
    With anesthesia it would be a painless procedure. There is no pain after the treatment is completed.
  • What is the treatment success rate?
    On the order of 85% of eyes requiring laser are effectively treated.
  • What will my child’s vision be after treatment?
    It depends on the stage and severity of ROP. The less scar tissue present at the time of treatment, the greater the potential for visual development. Eyes treated at stage 2 or 3 may see as well as 20/40 or better. Eyes at early stage 4 often see as well as 20/80 – 20/200. About half of eyes at more severe stages of stage 4 see better than 20/2000 (ambulatory vision). Ambulatory vision is defined as being able to see objects and move around a room without stumbling or bumping into obstacles. Surgery for stage 5 ROP is often done ...
  • What is the impact of the laser on a child’s field of vision?
    Peripheral vision (“side vision”) is usually reduced by laser treatment. Some side vision is sacrificed in the interest of preserving central vision – what we all use to read, drive, etc
  • What if treatment fails?
    When stage 4 or 5 ROP is reached, the retina is detached and other therapies can be performed. One such therapy is scleral buckling, which involves encircling the eyeball with a silicone band to try and reduce the pulling on the retina. The most commonly performed surgery is vitrectomy (removal of the gel-like substance called the vitreous that fills the back of the eye). Sometimes the removal of the lens as well is required if the retina is touching the back surface of the lens, which would make it impossible to enter the eye.
  • What happens once the ROP regresses?
    ROP is a lifelong disease, whether it resolves after treatment or gets better (regresses) on its own. Formerly premature children and adults require ongoing care for near sightedness (myopia), amblyopia (“lazy eye”), retinal detachment, and early cataract.
  • Does my child have any activity limitations because of ROP?
    Usually not. Most children with regressed ROP live normal lives. On occasion, children with more advanced stages of ROP may have limitations with regard to sports and other activities.
  • Is my child out of risk in terms of ROP once she/he is discharged?
    Usually not. Infants at risk for ROP are followed until 52 weeks after conception. Since most infants are discharged from neonatal intensive care well before that age, in general some exams are still necessary in the weeks following hospital discharge to ensure the best visual outcome for your child.
  • What is retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)?
    ROP is a disorder of the blood vessels of the retina (the light sensitive part of the eye) that occurs in some premature babies. ROP is one of the leading causes of blindness in children.
  • Which infants are at risk for ROP?
    In general, ROP is a disease affecting the youngest, smallest and sickest infants. Typically, this includes infants born earlier than 32 weeks of gestation and under 1500 grams (about 3.3 pounds). The smaller and more premature the infant, the greater the risk.
  • How does an infant get ROP?
    It takes a full term (40 week) pregnancy for the blood vessels which will supply oxygen to the retina to fully develop. The blood supply to the retina starts at the back of the eye at 16 weeks of gestation. The vessels gradually grow over the surface of the retina to reach the front edge at about the time of birth. When an infant is born early this process starts. There are a variety of reasons this occurs, but the most important ones in babies born today are the degree of prematurity and birth weight. Once the blood vessels stop ...
  • Do all babies born prematurely get ROP?
    No. In most infants (85% of those at risk) the blood vessels finish growing over the surface of the retina as they were supposed to, although finishing the job a few weeks later than the original due date.
  • Do all babies who get ROP require treatment?
    No. In most infants the ROP will subside (regress) on its own.
  • What are the different stages of ROP?
    Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has been divided into five stages. Stages 1 and 2 customarily get better on their own. Some eyes, however, go on to Stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity. Stage 3 ROP exists when these disturbing new blood vessels grow out from the ridge in the retina toward the center of the eye. If this blood vessel growth becomes severe and is accompanied by “plus” disease (enlarged and twisting blood vessels in the back part of the eye), the child may reach the point where treatment of the peripheral retina with laser (or rarely freezing) treatment is performed. ...
  • Can ROP get better or heal on its own?
    Yes – in fact most infants do. It is called ” regression ” of the disease, and occurs when the retinal blood vessels grow to cover and nourish the retina.
  • Can ROP lead to blindness?
    Yes. Eyes which progress to stage 4 or 5 can go blind. This may happen even when a child is properly screened and is properly treated in a timely fashion.
  • What treatments are available for ROP?
    Currently, the standard of care treatment for ROP severe enough to require it is destroying the retina without blood vessels with laser. On occasion, freeze-treatment is used to accomplish the same goal. By destroying the peripheral retina the goal is to save central vision so that the infant can have as normal vision as possible. Other experimental treatments are being studied as well – most notably a drug called Avastin (bevacizumab). Once the retina detaches (Stage 4 or 5), there are surgical therapies which may be employed to salvage vision.

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